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Sentervekternes polisiære fullmakter : grunnlag og grenser

Myhrer, Tor-Geir
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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sentervekterne_Myhrer.pdf (591.3Kb)
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http://hdl.handle.net/11250/174640
Utgivelsesdato
2011
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  • Artikler - Vitenskapelige [166]
Sammendrag
Policing in semi-private space such as shopping malls and railway stations

etc. is to a large extent carried out by private security companies and

not by the police, even though the areas are open to the public. The conduct

and discretion of the security officers are regulated by the wish to offer

visitors a pleasant environment, in particular conducive to shopping.

This creates a risk for discrimination and violation of the fundamental

right to liberty of movement for less desirable group of visitors.

Except from the provision in The Criminal Procedure Act Section 176 on

civil arrest and the right to use necessary force, laid down in the Civil

Penal Code Section 48, there are no statutory regulations of the security

officer’s policing powers. The general freedom of action provides the security

officer a right to observe, and within limits also to follow individuals.

The Personal Information Act, however, will to a large extent prohibit

the security company recording their observations and actions. It may

also be argued that the patrolling of public areas in shopping malls and

railway stations etc by security officers is a “private activity whose purpose

it is to maintain public peace and order” and as such is in breach of

The Police Act Section 26. Actions such as arrests, seizures and turning

people away may be based on consent from the person concerned, but it

must be required that the consent is informed and free, and if possible also

considered. The ability of under aged individuals to give a valid consent

may also be a problem. Even though the shopping mall is privately owned

and on private ground, the permission to establish it has been based on

the idea that it shall be accessible and open to the public. It might therefore

be argued that owners’ right to regulate access to the area should be

restricted by “an urban right of way” in analogy with the statutory public

right of rural way in Norway and Sweden. Only persons showing improper

behaviour causing disturbance and danger, should be expelled or for

a period of time denied access.
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